In nature, habitats are patchy, aggregating at several scales generating a discrete habitat landscape. Accessible to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, metapopulation ecology will be a valuable resource for researchers in population biology, conservation biology, and landscape ecology. Information and translations of metapopulation in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The metapopulation biology and evolutionary ecology of these bacterial systems, in these synthetic ecosystems, can be addressed using experimental biophysics. A metapopulation perspective in plant population biology. Even without local extinctions, metapopulation structure has implications for abundance of local populations, as well as those populations age, size, and. A metapopulation is a spatially structured population that persists over time as a set of local populations in balance between local extinction and colonization. Request pdf metapopulation ecology a metapopulation is a spatially structured population that persists over time as a set of local. Eastern kingbirds murphy suggested that creek habitat acted as a pseudosink. Avian metapopulation dynamics in a fragmented urbanizing. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Metapopulation dynamics are inherently stochastic, because population.
In all cases, metapopulation structure enhanced species persistence in time, and. The spatially realistic metapopulation theory smt contributes to the unification of population ecology and related disciplines in several ways. Metapopulation persistence of an endangered butterfly in a fragmented landscape. The present study provides such information for 25 year. Dynamics of metapopulation conditions for definition.
Black rail core areas, represented by thick lines in the below imagery, remain. Centenary symposium special feature metapopulations and metacommunities. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford university press. Yet aside from basic distributions and relative abundance, we know little about the population dynamics of most species occupying urban habitats and almost nothing about the extent to which local populations serve as source or sink. Apr, 2000 the metapopulation capacity should find many applications in metapopulation ecology, landscape ecology and conservation biology. Metapopulation dynamics and the quality of the matrix. Increasing connectivity between metapopulation ecology and. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski, professor in the. Metapopulation ecology concerns organisms that are dependent upon discrete patches of suitable habitat. Insights for management levins model assumptions all patches identical in size and quality infinite number of patches no spatial structure all patches equally connected no time lags population instantaneous with colonization blinking light model complete spatial asynchrony. Use of metapopulation models in conservation planning. Set of local populations occupying an array of habitat patches and linked by the movements of individuals movement.
Life history evolution metapopulation models have been used to explain lifehistory evolution, such as the ecological stability of amphibian metamorphosis in small vernal ponds. The metapopulation concept initiated a paradigm shift in ecology and. In general, a metapopulation or population of populations. Ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations 1st. As urbanization transforms landscapes around the globe, we are challenged to find ways for urban habitats to contribute to ongoing wildlife conservation efforts. Jul 11, 2016 metapopulation persistence of an endangered butterfly in a fragmented landscape. Many studies combine some of the parameters into a measure of the.
Spatially realistic plant metapopulation models and the colonizationcompetition tradeoff. Metapopulation a set of spatially disjunct populations, among which there is some immigration. Metapopulation dynamics differs from population dynamics thus far in that it is governed by two sets. Black rails in the sierra foothills have a much smaller home range 0. Spatial heterogeneity important as a means of unlinking the fates of individual. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford university. Metapopulation ecology advanced article saskya van nouhuys. Metapopulation theory states that a large population consisting of a single species is most stable over a large area when it is divided up into smaller subpopulations. Aug 16, 2014 as urbanization transforms landscapes around the globe, we are challenged to find ways for urban habitats to contribute to ongoing wildlife conservation efforts. Metapopulation dynamics and the quality of the matrix the. Metapopulation ecology has grown considerably since levins landmark papers, and modern metapopulation research often considers more than simply local presence or absence of organisms. Metapopulation and its applications in conservation biology songklanakarin j. The role of metapopulations in conservation department of. Metapopulation theory is mostly dependent on the existence of metapopulations, or groups of local populations that are connected by immigration.
We end by identifying knowledge gaps that prevent broader applications of metapopulation models and by providing general research approaches for filling those gaps. Metapopulation ecology is used in conservation biology and in population genetics where it influences genetic structure, the rate and trajectory of evolution and even what traits are under selection. We suggest that synthetic frameworks which merge ecological perspectives will be essential for grasping and safeguarding the stability of natural systems. Hanski distinguishes metapopulation ecology from 1 landscape ecology, which is more heavily empirical and which generally regards habitat suitability as a continuous rather than a discrete variable, and 2 spatial dynamics in. Metapopulations persist due to the balance between extinction and colonization of local populations. Richard levins conceived the idea of a metapopulation in an effort to mathematically model the cost effectiveness of biological pest control methods levins, 1969. The local or withinpatch scale, individuals move and interact with each other in the course of their routine feeding and breeding activities population growth and regulation at the local scale are governed by the demographic processes birth and death the metapopulation or.
A metapopulation is a population of populations distributed in discrete habitat patches that are linked by occasional dispersal. Metapopulation and its applications in conservation biology. Metapopulation models can be used to examine factors that cause patch colonizations or patch extinctions. Some metapopulation models have been fit to empirical data. Fitting models to overall metapopulation dynamics often gave misleading results. Metapopulation is a population in which individuals are spatially distributed in a habitat in two or more subpopulations. Two important aspects of population ecology are the spatial distribution. The concept of a metapopulation as a population of. Eastern kingbirds modeling suggested that metapopulation overall is a sink. A metapopulation is defined in ecology as a population of subpopulations interconnected by immigration hanski and gilpin, 1997 as shown in figure 2. Metapopulation biology is concerned with the dynamic consequences of migration among local populations and the conditions of regional persistence of species with unstable local populations. In contrast to the ifd, each population in a patch has its own local dynamics, which are not dependent on the state of other patches as in structured populations, nor on immigration from other patches as sink.
Written by a world renowned biologist, this volume offers a comprehensive synthesis of current research in this rapidly expanding area of population biology. So far, we have looked at populations with the assumption of geographic closure. Thus, it cannot be automatically assumed that increasing matrix quality will lower the probability of global extinction of a population. Journal of animal ecology 1994 63, 151162 introduction the most obvious question a metapopulation biologist may expect to be asked is whether some species x is likely to persist, as a metapopulation, in some particular set of habitat. For a given species, each metapopulation is continually being modified by increases births and immigrations and decreases deaths and emigrations of individuals, as well as by the emergence and dissolution of local populations contained within it. The merging of metapopulation theory and marine ecology this chapter considers three general explanations for the pattern of use of metapopulation ideas in marine ecology. Aug 31, 2009 we use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Metapopulations and migration the concept of metapopulations was defined in 196955 as a population of populations which go extinct locally and recolonize. Metapopulation biology is concerned with the dynamic consequences of. The merging of metapopulation theory and marine ecology. Disentangling local, metapopulation, and crosscommunity sources. In this article, we explore the range of theoretical consequences that result from relaxing this assumption.
The chapter examines whether there are fundamental differences between marine and terrestrial systems that limit the use of theory developed primarily in one context for use. Population ecology lecture 7 metapopulation quizlet. Two important aspects of population ecology are the spatial distribution of animals and long. If riparian survival increased slightly, the entire metapopulation would be sustained. As expected, virginia rails have a larger home range 0.
The landscape ecology of such environments provides communities with a distribution of characteristic scales temporal and spatial that can be used to partition such habitat landscapes 2, 3 allowing for species coexistence. Metapopulation, in ecology, a regional group of connected populations of a species. Metapopulation and metacommunity theories occupy a central role in ecology, but can. By forcing metapopulation dynamics on a formerly heterogeneous but stable within subpopulations population, the probability of simultaneous extinction of all subpopulations actually increases. It covers both the essential theory and a wide range of empirical studies, including the authors groundbreaking. Insights for management levins model assumptions all patches identical in size and quality infinite number of patches no spatial structure all patches equally connected no time lags population instantaneous with colonization blinking light model complete spatial asynchrony metapopulationtheory or hypothesis. Populations of butterflies and coralreef fishes are good examples of metapopulation. Genstat 5 committee 1993 genstat 5 release 3 reference manual. First, smt unites the classic metapopulation theory cmt based on the pioneering models by levins 1969, levins 1970 and the dynamic theory of island biogeography dtib of macarthur and wilson. Starting in 1969, and accelerating since the early 1990s, mathematical models of metapopulations have shown the importance of landscape connectivity and dispersal forpersistenceofaspeciesorofinteractingspecies. We end by identifying knowledge gaps that prevent broader applications of metapopulation models and by providing general research approaches for.
Metapopulation theory for fragmented landscapes sciencedirect. We combine analytic and numerical approaches to investigate how. The metapopulation capacity of a fragmented landscape nature. Population ecology lecture 7 metapopulation flashcards. Bacterial metapopulations in nanofabricated landscapes pnas. Ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations is acollection of specially commissioned articles that looks at fragmented habitats, bringing together recent theoretical advances and empirical studies applying the metapopulation approach. We present a novel spatially explicit modeling framework for narrowing the divide between these disciplines to advance understanding of the effects of landscape structure on metapopulation dynamics. It presents the incidence function model and includes several detailed examples of its application. Our research explores these sorts of ecological dynamics using mathematical tools, species record databases and experimental approaches. New models also allow for estimating occupancy for organisms that are difficult to detect, as is the case with the highly secretive black rail. In both strictly theoretical and more applied contexts it has been historically assumed that metapopulations exist within a featureless, uninhabitable matrix and that dynamics within the matrix are unimportant. Metapopulation ecology uc berkeley college of natural resources.
Combining incidence and demographic modelling approaches. Metapopulation ecology has moved out of academia and into the real world. Metapopulation ecology uc berkeley college of natural. A particular aspect of the book is the attempt to connect the disciplines of population biology and landscape ecology. Conservation biology, habitat fragmentation, and metapopulations. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Life history evolution edit metapopulation models have been used to explain lifehistory evolution, such as the ecological stability of amphibian metamorphosis in small vernal ponds. Models in landscape ecology use detailed descriptions of landscape structure, but often without considering colonization and extinction dynamics. Ecology, genetics and evolution of metapopulations 1st edition.
The main idea of metapopulation theory is that in a. Yet aside from basic distributions and relative abundance, we know little about the population dynamics of most species occupying urban habitats and almost nothing about the extent to which local populations serve as. Request pdf the merging of metapopulation theory and marine ecology the merging of metapopulation theory and marine ecology this chapter considers. The metapopulation concept initiated a paradigm shift in ecology and conserva. Metapopulation is a population in which individuals are spatially distributed in a habitat to two or subpopulations. Metapopulation dynamics and amphibian conservation david m. A highlight is hanskis ability to relate metapopulation ecology to other parts of ecology applied and pure. All things, by a law divine, in one anothers being mingle. Metapopulation ecology ilkka hanski oxford series in ecology and evolution. Several chapters closely integrate ecology with genetics and evolutionary biology, and others illustrate how metapopulation concepts and models can be. Human activities and natural disasters are the main causes of metapopulation and increase the population that occurs as metapopulatons.
The metapopulation capacity of a fragmented landscape skip to main. Spatial heterogeneity is the degree to patches vary in both quality and the arrangement of those patches distance between each subpopulations maximal size depends on its patch quality. A study focusing on a single small population regan et al. Trenham department of biology, washington and lee university, lexington, va 24450, u. Metapopulation theory and concepts are the central paradigm for understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of species interactions. This is an easy book to read, and the author is refreshingly honest about his biases, which include cursory coverage of population genetics and evolution, and a passion for the incidence function model.
Rather than track individual organisms through time, a metapopulation approach tracks the occupancy of habitat patches through time. Percy bysshe shelley 17921822, loves philosophy introduction wherever wildlife management concerns the. The metapopulation capacity should find many applications in metapopulation ecology, landscape ecology and conservation biology. We show, with a variety of modeling techniques, that matrix. Thus, all local populations can become extinct, as can the entire metapopulation i. We focus on understanding the effects of different forms of uncertainty on the distribution and abundance. Holt5 1department of ecology and evolutionary biology, university of kansas, lawrence, ks 660457534, usa.
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