Back cross method in plant breeding pdf file

Early farmers discovered that some crop plants could be artificially mated or crosspollinated to increase yields. The method of breeding does not get modified whether the character is dominant or recessive gene controlled. Backcross breeding was first used in flax to develop a set of rust differentials by. A chapter is then devoted to the back cross method of breeding. The backcross breeding method has been used by plant breeders for decades to incorporate specific traits into elite lines. The two types of experiment performed by mendel are.

Backcross method in backcross method of breeding, the hybrid and the progenies in subsequent generations are repeatedly backcrossed to one of the parents. The theory and application of the backcross technique in cotton. The earliest method of plant breeding based on an elementary knowledge of the laws of inheritance has been the selection of plants within landraces, based on the assumption that the progenies of the best individuals are expected to be superior to the progeny of a random sample of the population. Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes.

Simply the process of transferring pollen from one plant to another, in order to create a hybrid. People learned not to eat all the best fruit but to plant the seed from some of them. The f2 generation is sown at normal commercial planting rates in a large plot. Introduction to plant breeding plant breeding is the use of natural and artificial selection to produce heritable variations and novel combinations of alleles in plants and to identify plants with novel and useful properties. Kidwell encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2. Plant breeding, or crop genetic improvement, is the production of new, improved.

Pdf modified backcross breeding method for rapid conversion of. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation free. Early farmers discovered that some crop plants could be artificially mated or cross pollinated to increase yields. Aims and objectives of plant breeding plant breeding is an art and science, which tells us ways and means to change the genetic architecture of plants so as to attain a particular objective. In fact, traditional farming and lowinput systems, including organic agriculture, are a very heterogeneous population of target environments and not easily served by centralized, conventional plant breeding. The aim of this method to produce the new variety which is totally different from the parents bearing superior characters. The north dakota breeding program primarily uses a modified pedigree program and, to a lesser degree, backcross, single seed descent, recurrent selection. After the first backcross, and after every two subsequent backcrosses, f2 generations must be grown to identify rust resistant plants.

Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with examples. Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. The utilisation of molecular marker assisted backcross. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Since 1900, mendels laws of genetics provided the scientific basis for plant breeding. Seven chapters are allocated to accounts of the genetic properties of cross pollinated crops. Messmer and others published plant breeding techniques find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Dominant gene to transfer this is a breeding scheme to transfer a resistance gene governed by dominant gene in a susceptible variety having recessive gene which is otherwise high yielding i. National plant germplasm system coordinated by usda contains more than 500,000 accessions accession can be population, line, cultivar, individual plant, clone, etc. Traditional and modern plant breeding methods with. Several breeding methods are available to plant breeders for germplasm improvement, such as the pedigree method, bulk method, single seed descent, backcross method, and recurrent selection. This seems to violate mendels postulate of independent assortment of genes and can make it difficult to pick out a single trait from one parent without also bringing over others. Mass selection, as applied to crosspollinated crops is essentially the same as that applied to selfpollinated crops.

Backcrossing is an old breeding method that is now widely used to transfer. Early on, it primarily involved selection, the choice between good and bad plants. Transgenic breeding traditional breeding transgenic plants novel proteins may be introduced from. Transfer of a dominant gene suppose that a high yielding variety and. The selection cycle may be repeated one or more times to increase the frequency of favourable alleles.

Pdf selection in backcross programmes researchgate. Learn more about the uses and methods of plant breeding. Conventional plant breeding has been going on for hundreds of years, and is still commonly used today. Desirable characteristics from different parent plants could also be combined in the offspring. Essentials of plant breeding breeding for quantitative. In fact, traditional farming and lowinput systems, including organic. When f 1 individuals are crossed with one of the two parents either ccred flowered or ccwhite flowered from which they have been derived, then such a cross is called back cross. The objective of backcross method is to improve one or two specific defects. Bc n backcross generation n blue best linear unbiased estimate. F1 generation the result of the first crosspollination between two plants. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine. Seven chapters are allocated to accounts of the genetic properties of crosspollinated crops.

Software sites tucows software library shareware cdroms software capsules compilation cdrom images zx spectrum doom level cd. Full text of plant breeding principles and methods. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. This method is useful in the improvement of both self and crosspollinated crops. Dec 22, 2015 backcross method for dominant and recessive gene transfer. Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Back cross method and various modified methods backcross method in backcross method of breeding, the hybrid and the. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation. The bulkpopulation method of breeding differs from the pedigree method primarily in the handling of generations following hybridization. Genetics became a fundamental science of plant breeding after the moravian monk j. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Mass selection, as applied to cross pollinated crops is essentially the same as that applied to selfpollinated crops. All germplasm in npgs available free used by us and world scientists comprised by 4 major areas plant introduction plant collection information systems. View backcross method from plant bree pbg 201 at university of agriculture.

Other articles where bulkpopulation method is discussed. If the trait of interest is produced by a dominant gene, this process involves four rounds of backcrossing within seven seasons. F 2 and subsequent generations are much larger than those of the back cross method. This seems to violate mendels postulate of independent assortment of genes and can make it difficult to pick out a single trait from one parent without also bringing. Plant breeding dates to the very beginnings of agriculture, though scientific plant breeding began only in the early 20th century. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable characteristics for propagation, to methods that make use of knowledge of. Importance of plant breeding, cytological principles of plant breeding, heterosis, inbreeding and its consequences or applications, selfincompatibility in plants, cytoplasmic male sterility, breeding. The goals of plant breeding are to produce crop varieties that. The present roadmap for plant breeding takes a look at usdas roles and achievements in plant breeding, and at recent stakeholder input, to map out ways in which usdas plant breeding work can contribute to ongoing success and future preparedness across all sectors of u.

This manipulation involves either controlled pollination. Breeding method for cross pollinated crop authorstream. The variety which receives gene is recipient parent and variety which is the source of gene is called as donor parent. A system of breeding in which repeated backcrosses are made to transfer a specific character to a welladapted variety for which the variety is deficient is referred to as backcross breeding. Plant breeding and genetics encyclopedia of life support. Successful commercial plant breeding concerns were founded from the late 19th century. Selection in backcross programmes is used to either improve the genetic value of plant and animal populations or fine map quantitative trait loci. Further, some plant breeders have expressed the belief that it will not work with crosspollinated crops. It has been used to improve the quality of nutrition in products for humans and animals.

Backcross method for dominant and recessive gene transfer. An established breeding program with clear aims and reasonable resources will produce a new variety regularly, every couple of years or so. In this context, backcrossing is a well known and long established breeding scheme where a characteristic is introgressed from a donor parent into the genomic background of a recurrent parent hospital, 2005 25. Backcross method 18 back cross method and various modified. Feb 06, 2017 an overview of pedigree method being employed in the plant breeding.

Backcrossing has been used by plant breeders for decades to transfer specific character into elite lines. The objective of backcross method is to improve one or two specific defects of a high yielding variety. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Learn about the comparison between pedigree method and backcross method. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Backcross breeding enables breeders to transfer a desired trait such as a transgene from one variety donor parent, dp into the favored genetic background of another recurrent parent, rp. Selection in backcross programmes is used to either improve. At maturity the crop is harvested in mass, and the seeds are used to. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging from simply selecting plants with desirable.

Plant breeding is the art and science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. The global partnership initiative for plant breeding capacity building gipbfao and biodiversity international use the term prebreeding to describe the various activities of plant breeding research that have to precede the stages involved in cultivar development, testing and release biodiversity international and gipbfao, 2008. This method works by crossing the transgenic inbred line with an elite inbred line of choice. When you have problems fixing a particular trait within a plant, you can cross it back with your original parent plant that had the desired trait. Backcrossing is a wellknown and long established breeding scheme where a characteristic is introgressed from a donor parent into the genomic background of. Strategies for genetic transfer of an allele for resistance to. Raising backcross fls and crossing resistant plants with recurrent parent is. Plant breeding can be accomplished through many different techniques ranging. These references and pdf files will be posted in blackboard. It typically takes more than ten years for a variety to proceed from the initial breeding stages through to commercial release. If the trait of interest is produced by a dominant gene, this process involves four rounds of. An aa plant selected from this first backcross progeny would agaifl be crossed with z, giving the second.

Most of our crops can be classified as cross pollinated or self pollinated cross pollinated means that an insect or wind normally carries pollen from one plant to another in order to fertilize it self pollinated means that the plant will pollinate and fertilize itself both types require that you crosstone plan with another in order to. In view of these and other objections to the method, it. Essentials of plant breeding was written as a textbook for a. Plant breeding is defined as identifying and selecting desirable traits in plants and combining these into one individual plant. In backcross method of breeding, the hybrid and the progenies in subsequent. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms. Backcrossing is the plant breeding method most widely used to incorporate. Biotechnology applications for plant breeding and genetics. F 1 hybrids, in this method, are crossed by one of the above mentioned methods. Plant breeding david luckett and gerald halloran what is. Plant breeding methods 1 plant breeding methods additional new reference george acquaah. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 2 backcross breeding at the end, all genes will be homozygous except the genes transferred from the donor parent one or few generation of selfing will result in a variety homozygous at all loci, including newly transferred genes the new variety would have all the adaptability of the recurrent parent in addition to the good characteristics of the.

This, as might be expected in view of the senior authors major contributions using this method, is well described, examples being taken from much of his work. Modern plant breeding requires an understanding of genetics. Backcross breeding enables breeders to transfer a desired trait such as a transgene from one. Back cross method and various modified methods backcross method in backcross method of breeding, the hybrid and the progenies in subsequent generations are repeatedly backcrossed to one of the parents. The backcross method of breeding is commonly used in self and cross pollinated species. A chapter is then devoted to the backcross method of breeding. History of plant breeding the most rudimentary forms of plant breeding likely originated during the transition of. In many ways it is, to the plant breeder, the equivalent of line breeding to the. The new variety is subjected to extensive testing and yield trial before releasing as new variety. Susceptible but high yielding resistant 50% 50% 75% 25 87. Kodi archive and support file vintage software community software apk msdos cdrom software cdrom software library.

Principles of plant breeding icar ecourse pdf book agrimoon. Plant breeding, application of genetic principles to produce plants that are more useful to humans. F 2 and subsequent generations are much larger than those of the backcross method 8. The method is used generally to improve the yield and other characters of the variety. As a result, the genotype of the backcross progeny becomes increasingly similar to that of the recurrent parent. Back cross method of breeding authorstream presentation.